25. Albert Bushnell Hart, “Remedies for the Southern Problem,” Independent (May 4, 1905): 993-96.


Delineation of five things that can be done with African Americans to resolve the problem of racial conflict in the South: 1) deportation (i.e., colonization), 2) peonage, 3) violence, 4) education, especially vocational education, and 5) “race separation.” The author suggests that the situation would be improved if white Southerners treated African Americans the same way “the Pole, the Slovak and the Hungarian” are treated in the North.