7. Frederick Douglass, “Southern Questions. I. The Negro Exodus from the Gulf States,” Journal of Social Science, Containing the Transactions of the American Association (May 1880): 1-21.


Paper delivered at a meeting of the American Social Science Association concerning the emigration of African Americans from the South to Northern states and Western territories. The author warns that if the South does not take steps to provide its black population with greater justice and more opportunity, emigration will become epidemic.