9. Ora Langhorne, “Southern Questions. III. Southern Schools in Virginia,” Journal of Social Science, Containing the Transactions of the American Association (May 1880): 36-45.


Paper delivered at a meeting of the American Social Science Association concerning the need for more schools for African Americans in Virginia. As evidence of their ability to benefit from an education, the author relates this story. “A lady now over ninety years old, who lives near me, says that in her youth many slave ships came to our ports, and people from all parts of the State hastened on the arrival of a ship, to buy slaves; for raw Africans, like raw sugar and raw cotton, were much cheaper in first hands than the refined and improved article held by the middlemen.”